Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Carbon Steel a me Alloy Steel
Wehewehe ʻana o ka hao kalapona a me ke kila huila
ʻO ke kila, e like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā ʻāpana hao-carbon. ʻO ke kila kalapona (i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia e like me ke kila kalapona) he mea hao-kāpona hao me ka maʻi kalapona ma lalo o 2.11%. I loko o kāna ʻano kemika, ma waho aʻe o ka hao a me ke kalapona, aia nō nā mea haumia palena ʻole e like me ke silicon, manganese, phosphorus, a me ka sulfur, a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻopukaʻana o ke kila kalapona e pili ana i ka 80% o ka nui o ke kila kila, a ua hoʻohana nuiʻia i ke kūkuluʻana, nā alahaka, nā kaʻa, nā moku, nā mīkini hana, kaʻoihana, nā petrochemical, ka hoʻomohala moana a me nāʻoihana'ē aʻe.
ʻO ke kila kila he kila me hoʻokahi aʻoi aʻe paha nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohuiʻia i ke kila kalapona, e like me ka chromium, nickel, tungsten, titanium, vanadium, manganese, copper, aluminum, molybdenum, etc., i mea e hoʻonui ai i kekahi mau waiwai kiko'ī o ke kila. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea kemika i nā ʻāpana like ʻole / hui e hāʻawi i nā hopena like ʻole, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka corrosion resistance, hoʻonui i ka ikaika, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka formability, hoʻololi weldability, etc.
ʻO ka hoʻopukaʻana o ke kila kila e pili ana i ka 20% o ka nui o ke kila kila a hoʻohana nuiʻia i nāʻano likeʻole e like me ka mīkini hana, petrochemicals, ke kūkuluʻana, nā kinikini o kēlā me kēia lā, nā mea lapaʻau, nā fibers synthetic, ka halihali, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hao kalapona a me ke kila kila
- Hoʻokaʻawale i ke kila kalapona
E like me ke kalapona maʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i: haʻahaʻa kalapona kila, kalapona kila kila, kiʻekiʻe kalapona kila; ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻakikī.
Haʻahaʻa kalapona kila: kalapona maʻiʻo C% ≤0.25%. ʻO nā kila kalapona haʻahaʻa maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa me A3 kila, Q215A kila, Q235 kila, 20 # kila, 22 # kila, etc.
Ke kila kalapona kalapona: ka maʻiʻo kalapona 0.25%＜C%≤0.45%. ʻO nā kila kalapona maʻamau maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa me 35 # kila, 45 # kila, etc.
Ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe: ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ma ka mākeke, no kona kiʻekiʻe kalapona maʻiʻo, paʻakikī a palupalu, maʻalahi ke haki.
- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kila kila
E like me ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia, ua māhele ʻia i: haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kila, kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe, me ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻohui ʻana, a me nā hana like ʻole.
Ke kila kila haʻahaʻa: ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia ≤5%;
Ke kila kila kila: 5%＜ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ≤10%
ʻO ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe: ka mea i hoʻohuihui ʻia> 10%.
ʻO nā kila kila maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mea paʻa: 30CrMo, 40Cr, 35CrMo, 42CrMo, etc.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o Carbon Steel a me Alloy Steel
- Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kila kalapona
ʻO ka hana o ke kila kalapona e pili ana i kāna mea kalapona. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka plasticity, ka paʻakikī a me ka weldability.
Pōmaikaʻi: maikaʻi plasticity a weldability; kumukūʻai kūʻai, maʻalahi e honi; ʻenehana hana maikaʻi; hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike kalapona a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano hana;
Nā pōʻino: ikaika iki; ilihune ka paakiki; lawa ʻole ka pale wela haʻahaʻa; haʻahaʻa kūʻē corrosion; haʻahaʻa magnetic conductivity; maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi māla magnetic.
- Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kila kila
Loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole.
Pōmaikaʻi: maikaʻi hoʻokō piha; loaʻa no nā kumu kūikawā; ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe; paʻakikī maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻopōʻino a pohā; ʻaʻahu kūʻokoʻa, pale ʻana i ka corrosion, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, non-magnetic, etc.;
Nā hemahema: pipiʻi; ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama wela.
Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hao hao a me ke kila huila
- Hoʻohana i ke kila kalapona
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kila kalapona e hana i nā ʻāpana hale like ʻole, nā ipu, nā pahu, nā kino umu a me nā mīkini mahiʻai, nā ʻāpana ukana liʻiliʻi, nā mea holoi, nā pin cotter, nā koʻokoʻo pili, nā stampings a me nā ʻāpana welded, etc.
ʻO ke kila kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻa
He kūpono ke kila Q215A no nā mea holoi holoi;
He kūpono ke kila Q235 no ka hana ʻana i nā bolts, nuts, screw sleeves, cotter pins, rivets, etc., a hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā huahana me ka ʻole o nā koi paʻakikī e like me 4.8-grade bolts, 4-grade nuts, a me nā wili liʻiliʻi;
ʻO 35 # kila a me 45 # kila no nā hale kila kalapona kiʻekiʻe, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā bolts 8.8-grade, 8-grade nuts a me 8.8-grade hexagon fasteners.
- Hoʻohana ʻia i ke kila kila
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila e hana i nā ʻāpana no nā kaʻa kaʻa e like me nā kaʻa, nā moku, a me nā mokulele; nā ʻāpana no nā mea mīkini, rockets, missiles, etc.; a me ka hana ʻana i nā bearings ʻōwili like ʻole, nā mea ʻoki ʻoki, nā mea ana, nā punawai, nā ʻōpala wela a me nā anu, nā ʻōpala ʻōwili, nā punawai, nā mea kani, etc.
Hoʻohana ʻia i nā hanana kūikawā, ka wela a me ka corrosion-resistant environment, e like me nā turbines mahu, boilers, nā mea kemika, etc.
ʻO ke kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻa
Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā bolts kiʻekiʻe a me nā nati, e like me 10.9 mau mea papa me 30CrMo a me 40Cr; 12.9 mau mea papa: 35CrMo, 42CrMo, etc.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo 30CrMo e hana i nā bolts a me nā studs ma lalo o nā ukana kiʻekiʻe; nā mea hoʻopaʻa like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe (ma lalo o 450 ℃) e like me nā turbines a me nā paila; nā flanges a me nā nati i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (ma lalo o 500 ℃) nā wahi kaomi;
He kūpono ʻo 40Cr no ka hana ʻana i nā lima wili, nā pine, nā wili lāʻau hoʻohui, nā nati, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo 35CrMo e hana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa like ʻole ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe turbine; nā mea hoʻopaʻa like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe (ma lalo o 480 ℃) e like me nā paila;
Ua kūpono ʻo 42CrMo no ka hana ʻana i nā mea paʻa e koi ai i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 35CrMo.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila, i ke koho ʻana i nā mea paʻa, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ke kila kalapona i ka mea nui ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi hoʻohana; inā nui nā kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika a me ka pololei, a i ʻole nā koi no ka paʻakikī wela a me nā hana kūikawā ʻē aʻe, a laila e hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila.
Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila?
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